Philosophy schools

Enter through a tradition, then follow thinkers and themes.

Stoicism

Virtue, nature, and the discipline of judgment.

Seneca · Epictetus · Marcus

Freedom, responsibility, absurdity, and authentic choice.

Sartre · Beauvoir · Camus

Humaneness, ritual, learning, and cultivated roles.

Confucius · Mencius · Xunzi

The Dao, wuwei, and naturalness without forced order.

Laozi · Zhuangzi

Reason, a priori insight, and systematic metaphysics.

Descartes · Spinoza · Leibniz

Experience as the primary source of ideas and evidence.

Locke · Berkeley · Hume

Meaning, truth, and inquiry tied to practical consequences.

Peirce · James · Dewey

Critique, conceptual decolonization, and diaspora thought.

Wiredu · Hountondji · Fanon · Appiah

Falsafa: intellect, prophecy, and demonstrative science.

Avicenna · Averroes · al-Farabi

Clarity, logic, language, intention, and mind.

Wittgenstein · Anscombe · Foot

Principle, heart-mind, and the unity of knowledge and action.

Zhu Xi · Wang Yangming

Forms, the Good, and dialectic as education of desire.

Plato · later Platonic lineages

Absolute nothingness, experience, and religious worldview.

Nishida · Nishitani

Freedom, spirit, and systematic post-Kantian reason.

Hegel · related idealists

Reason, revelation, law, and negative theology.

Maimonides · Saadia Gaon