Overview
Feng Youlan (1895–1990) was a leading twentieth-century historian and reconstructor of Chinese philosophy, trained partly at Columbia under pragmatist influence. His multi-volume History of Chinese Philosophy introduced generations to a systematic narrative of schools. He later worked under PRC intellectual constraints, revising positions across political campaigns. Handbook dates: 1895–1990. He sought a “new lixue” continuous with Song Neo-Confucianism yet modern.
Main ideas
Chinese philosophy can be periodized and compared with Western categories without erasing its problems. A new Rational Philosophy updates Cheng-Zhu themes for a scientific age. Sphere-of-living ethics ranks natural, utilitarian, moral, and transcendent attitudes. Historical writing should clarify methods and schools rather than mere anthology. Engagement with Marxism forced continual renegotiation of idealism and materialism labels. Clarity for students was itself a philosophical vocation.
Major works
- A History of Chinese Philosophy
- New Rational Philosophy (Xin lixue)
- A New Treatise on the Nature of Man
- Selected philosophical essays
Legacy
Feng’s History remained a gateway text in China and in English translation abroad. Debates on his political compromises accompany respect for his synthesis. He helped make “Chinese philosophy” a modern academic field.