Overview
Philippa Foot (1920–2010) was a leading Oxford moral philosopher who helped restore virtue ethics within analytic philosophy. Across essays collected in Virtues and Vices and the late book Natural Goodness, she linked moral evaluation to the needs and life-form of human beings rather than to free-floating emotivist attitudes.
Main ideas
Foot treats virtues as beneficial traits humans need for living well together, and argues that moral judgment is constrained by the kinds of things humans are. Her discussions of trolley cases and double effect sharpened debates about killing, letting die, and the structure of practical reasons.
Major works
- Virtues and Vices
- Natural Goodness
- Moral Dilemmas
Legacy
Foot’s naturalism and virtue theory continue to shape metaethics, applied ethics, and neo-Aristotelian moral philosophy.